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XVIII conference

Development of the logic component of pupils’ thinking at geometry studying

Ammosova N., Kovalenko B.

n_ammosova@mail.ru

In recent years the level of knowledge of geometry of high school pupils has got worse. Worthy geometrical problems were not included in the Unified State Examination, and presence in this examination of the mainly algebraic problems led to that teachers under the pressure of the parental public and administration of schools paid primary attention to algebra and elementary functions. Meanwhile, understanding of the basic logic elements of a course of mathematics is a necessary condition for conscious and strong mastering of a material. The pupil should seize such concepts as definition, an axiom, the theorem, necessity and sufficiency, the rule of contraries. Already at the basic school the attention of pupils is paid to these concepts, and so the increased consciousness and intellectual level of senior pupils will allow to make clear for them the sense and contents of the most common special terms. Training to correct understanding of sense of words "and", "or", «if is important.... That...», "In only case when", «it is necessary and enough», etc., some logic laws (the contradiction, contraposition, excluded the third, etc.), training for different ways of reasonings (analitiko-synthetic, inductive-deductive, by analogy), training to various ways of the proof (by contradiction, a mathematical induction, reduction of an example for the proof of existence of object or a counterexample for the proof of an inconsistency of the fact), training to a method of mathematical modeling.

For the purpose of increase of logic skills of pupils it is expedient to offer them sets of logic problems of any kind: the applied orientation, demanding a prediction of results or an explanation of structure of mathematical facts on the basis of mathematical laws, comparison of objects and results, problems-paradoxes, problems-sophisms and others.

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